Heat exchange apparatus



cir. s? ma C] MRTENSEN 2,06581 HEAT EXCHANGE APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18,1954 2 Sheets-Sheet l g .Um/HU www LJ/ @Mor-imm,

Ottawa/I3 @et 6, 1936. c. MoRTENsEN 2,056,581

HEAT EXCHANGE APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2',

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Patented Oct. 6, 1936 UNITED STATES zllscssl PATENT oFFlcE 2,056,531naar axcnANoE APPARATUS ctmllm Mortensen. Louisville, xy. Applicationmember 1s, 1934, serial No. 158,121 Y This' invention relates to heatexchange apparatus.

A primati7 will quickly transfer heat from one body of fluid to another,and more particularly to effect the heat transfer in flowing liquids bycausing the same to move in a thin diffused lm which is spread ordeployed over a comparatively wide area7 between the points of intakeand outlet, thereby greatly facilitating heat absorption by therelatively cooler medium. lin that connection the invention contemplatesa construction which provides a nlm producing dow-chamber inclined at enansie oblique to a `perpenclicuier plane. rliiis feature is desirable toavoid execssive splashing which would otherwise occur and producebubbles vor an spaces ifthe chamber were vertical, While at the sametime permitting the heated liquid to now in a nlm below a lm of coolerliquid so as to more readilyv absorb heet convection currents andincrease the emciency of the apparatus, Moreover, this arrangement in-Isures vadequate drainage of the chambers which would not be possible ifthe film fog chainber or chambers were horizontally disposed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a chamber forming memberof nim heat conn ductivity, for example, sterling silver, `which has acoelcient of heat conductivity that is more than twenty points higherthan copper, and, at the same time, has greater sanitary advantages thatmany other materials do not possess in the handling of some liquids,such for-example as mills.

A further object is .to provide a construction that is readilyaccessible for cleaning and pet when in operation provides tight filmforming chambers that are lealsproof and which compel straight filmflow.

A still further object of the invention is to prof vide an apparatusthat meets the high standards necessary to comply with healthregulations in handling liquid foods. In that connection the inventionprovides aconstruction wherein there is no substantial depth to thepassing liquids as in pipes or other enclosures, containers, or conduitsdefined by a cled passage which presents either undesirable depth orpockets, or corners, which have a tendency to impede now and harbor ortemporarily trap some of the liquid at a particular zone or area.

With the above and other objects in View which will more readili7 appearas the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consistsin the novel construction, combination and erobiect is to provide adevice that` rangements of parts hereinafter more fully described,illustrated and claimed.

A preferred and practical embodiment of the invention is shown in Atheaccompanying drawings, in whichz- 5 Figure 1 is a side elevation of theimproved apparatus.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in its openposition.

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view taken on the 10 line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

VFigure t is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the separatingdiaphragm or plate.

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line of rig. e.Figure o is a detail cross-sectional view taken on the line t-t of Fig.l..

Figure 7 is a detail view illustrating a modifi.- cation of one of thesections of the apparatus wherein the diaphragm or separating plate is2o rigidly fixed to one of the sections.

Similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughoutthe several :delires of the drawings.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings thesame essentially includes in its organization a casing formed of a pairof sections n and B, the former constituting in eect a base and thelatter performing more or less the functions of a cover. The casingsections i and B are preferably connected at one edge by suitable hingemeans C `:thereby they may be opened or swung apart and both sectionsare supported on a stand designated generally as D. As will be observedfrom the drawings the base section .il is preferably rigidly secured tothe supports forming the stand and when the sections are closed they arenormally supported in a plane inclined obliquely to the perpendicular.The edges of the casing sections opposite the hinee are 4o preferablyprovided with means for holding them in open position to Itemporarilyhold them in spaced relation for cleaning. By Way of examplel means tothat end. is shown in the wings as comprising an arcuate arm Epreferably carried by the relatively movable section B, and having anopening El therein intended to register with an opening E in abifurcated luer El carried by the relatively fixed or base section Athereby to receive a pin E4 for maintaining the arm in its extended 50position.

The sections A and B are intended to receive therebetween a diaphragm orseparating plate S.

As will be observed from Figs. lL and 2 this plate may be provided atits upper end. with exet at their inner faces with gasket means A and BU ing flow-chambers.

thereby to clamp the edges of the separating plate or diaphragm Stightly therebetween so as to provide the relatively shallow filmforming flow-chambers F and F' (Fig. 6,), which are coextensive with thecasing sections and provide a relatively wide area over which theliquids must iiow in passing through the apparatus.

A distinctive feature of the apparatus resides in making the diaphragmor separating plate S of a material having a high coemcient of heatconductivity. In that connection it has been' found that sterling silveris'particularly adapted for the purpose because it has a higher capacityfor heat transfer than copper. Therefore, by combining iilm formingnow-chambers with an imperforate separating plateor diaphragm having ahigh coemcient of conductivity it willbe apparent that heat will bereadily exchanged from a warm iiowing medium to a relatively coolerflowing medium with great rapidity.

Each of the casing sections A and B are formed with inlet and outletconnections. In the preferred form of the invention the baseV section Ais provided with the heated iiuid inlet connection l at the lower sideAthereof and the outlet connection 2'at the upper side. On the otherhand the upper section B is provided with the cold iiuid inlet 3 at theupper side thereof while the lower portion is provided with an outlet 4.Thus, heated liquid iiows in at the bottom of section A and when coolediiows out of the topconnection 2, whileV the cold iluidvis normallyintended to enterthe cold fluid inlet 3 and descent toward the lowerwarm uid outlet 4. 'Ihe iiowgof hot and cool liquids is therefore inopposite directions so as to obtain the maximum efficiency of heattransfer under all conditions of use.- Y

In connection with the inlet and outlet means for each of the casingsections reference may be made to Fig. 3 of the drawings which shows howit is proposed to distribute or deploy fluids entering and acceleratetheir exit from the iilm form- That is to say, both Vof the casingsections A and B are formed at their inner faces, adjacent the inlet andoutlet connections, with countersunk ilared chambers 5 so that as theliquid enters each chamber it will be quickly spread or distributed andlikewise collected and carried oif withgreat rapidity thereby preventingthe formation of hot spots or cold spots in the casing of the apparatus;'I'he portions 5 function more or less as manifolds for distributing andremoving the liquid of dierent temperatures.

Suitable means is provided for preventing distortion of the diaphragm orseparating plate S under the pressure of iiowing liquids. A' device oi'the character set forth oherein usually has the liquid pumped throughthe same by a pressure pump, and while ordinarily the pressures arebalanced on each side of the diaphragm or plate S, nevertheless, it is'desirable to provide means to prevent the bulging or billowing of theplate so as to avoid any movement therein which would have a tendency toset up crystallization which might lead to fracture or rupture. One wayof preventing this distortion is to provide plate S with a plurality ofoppositely oifset button-like members S4 (Figs. 4 and 5), the same beingarranged in staggered relation and in parallel rows. The crown or zenithofl each projectiontS4 is intended to engage with the inner face of acasing section. These projections, while serving to reinforce the plateagainst unequal pressures do not in any way oifer substantial impedanceto the flow oi' liquid illm through the film forming iiowchambers. Onthe other hand, they serve as a measure to assist in diifusing the ow,without perceptible agitation, thereby to materially, assist in heatexchange. e

The casing sections A and B are held together in any suitable manner toclamp the diaphragm or separating plate S therebetween. As shown inFigs. 1 and 2`the edges of the sections may be provided 'with suitableclamps G. Each clamp preferably comprises a bolt 6 pivoted between theears l on one o! the sections, for example, the base section A, the saidbolt B being-threaded and carrying a winged nut 8 adapted to engage withthe bifurcated portions 9 on the upper or cover section B of the casing.When the wing nuts 8 are in the position shown in Fig. 1 it will beapparent that the sections A and B will securely clamp the casingsections A and B together thereby' to force the gasket means A and B'securely against theedges of the diaphragm or separating plate S.

Figure 7 of the drawings illustrates a modication of the inventionwherein the separating plate S5 is carried by one of the casing sectionsB.

' In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1-6

inclusive the separating plate is intended'to be free from the casingsections so that the apparatus may be opened up for cleaning purposes.However, in the event that it is desired to use the apparatus inconnection with the cooling or heating medium such as ammonia and brineor:

hot water, it is of course desirable to seal one of `the lm formingchambers with respectto the other, at all times, so that there will beno danger of leakage of the cooling fluid. Therefore, it will beapparent that it is entirely within the scope of `liquids.

When lthe-.apparatus is used in connection with milk machinery, hot milkfrom the pasteurizer is fed into the inlet connection i and forcedthrough the iilm forming chamber F toward the upper outlet 2. Cold, rawmilk may then be fed into theV upper inlet 3 and descends through theiilm forming chamber F' to the lower outlet 4. In that way milk comingfrom the pasteurizer at approxi- -mately 140 willbe materially andquickly vre duced in temperature in from inlet I to outlet 2, while atthe same time the cold milk, at approximately 32, which is-fed'into theinlet a or the section B may be led oi! at the outlet connection 4 at asubstantially higher temperature.

Thus, the present apparatus provides-for usingv the heat of the milk forpreheating the coldmilkgoingtotheflnalheaterpriortoits introduction into`the .pasteurlxen Ordinarily pasteurized milk must be bottledatatemperature repeater of approximately 32 and the usexof the presentapparatus will enable hot milk coming from the pasteurizer to be quicklyreduced in temperature so that it may be nnally cooled to bottlingtemperature with great facility. 0n the other hand, cold raw milk mayhave its temperature elevated so as to materially economize and expeditethe heating of the milk prior toits introduction into the final heater.

Without further description it is thought that the features andadvantages of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art, and it will of course be understood that changes in the form,proportion and' minor details of construction may be resorted to,without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of theappended claims.

l claimz- 1. A heat exchange apparatus including a pair of hingedlyconnected casing sections having a diaphragm arranged therebetween toprovide film forming flow-chambers at opposite sides thereof.

2. A heat exchange apparatus including hingedly connected sections. adiaphragm arranged between said sectionsto provide film forming newchambers at opposite sides thereof, and means for spacing the diaphragmwith reference to adjacent faces of the section to prevent distortionthereof under pressure.

3. A heat exchange apparatus including a pair of casing sectionshingedly connected at one edge, a diaphragm arranged between saidsections and adapted to be free therefrom when the sections are spreadapart on the hinges, and means on the diaphragm and extending toopposite sides thereoi to engage with the inner sides of the sectionswhen closed to form a casing thereby to vbrace the diaphragm againstdistortion under pressure.

4. A heat exchange apparatus including a stand, a pair of casingsections supported by said stand normally at the angle oblique to theperpendicular and one of said sections being rigidly carried by thestand, hinge means for swinginglyconnecting the other of said sectionsto the section which is rigidly mounted on the stand, a separating platearranged between the hinged sections to, provide film formingflow-chambers at opposite sides thereof when the sections are closed,and means for preventing distortion of the Iplate under pressure ofliquids passing through the film flow-chambers.

5. A heat exchange apparatus including a. stand, a pair of casingsections supported on said stand normally at an angle oblique to aperpendicular plane, one of said sections being rigidly carried by thestand, hinge means at the common edges of said sections for swinginglyconnecting one of said sections to the section rigidly carried byv thestand. a plate-like diaphragm loosely mounted between said sectionswhereby it may be moved to a. spaced position from said sections whenone section is moved relative to the other,

means for preventing distortion of said plate-like diaphragm underliquid pressure, and means at the edges of said sections opposite theirpoint of hinged connection for holding the sections and the plate-likediaphr spaced apart.

6. A heat exchange apparatus inclu a .-1 stand,y a casing comprising apair of sections mounted on said stand and normally occupying an angleoblique to a perpendicular plane, one of said'sections constituting abase rigidly carried by the stand and the other of said sections beinghingedly connected at one edge tor the other to provide a swingingcover, a plate-like diaphragm arranged between the sections andproviding nlm forming dow-chambers at opposite sides thereof when thecover and base sections of the casing are closed, inlet and outletconnections carried by each section of the casing, means for normallyclamping said sections together, and means at the edges of said sectionsopposite their point of hinged connection to hold the sections and theintermediate diaphragm separated to permit sustained access to theinterior of the apparatus.

7. A heat exchange apparatus including a stand, a pair of casingsections supported on said stand normally at an angle oblique to aperpendicular plane, means for hinging the sections together at theirlower ends, gaskets at the inner edges of said sections, a thinplate-like diaphragm of high heat transfer capacity clamped between thegaskets and coextensive with the sections to provide film formingfiow-chainbersat opposite sides of the diaphragm, means for preventingdistortion of the diaphragm under pressure, and inlet and outlet meansfor each section.

8. A heat exchange apparatus including a stand, a pair of casingsections supported on said stand normally at an angle oblique to aperpendicular plane, means for hinging the sections together at theirlower ends, gaskets at the inner edges of said sections, a thin platelikediaphragm of high heat transfer capacity clampedbetween the gasketsand coextensive with the sections to provide film forming flow-chambersat opposite sides of the diaphragm, vmeans for preventing distortion ofthe diaphragm under pressure, inlet and outlet means for each section,and means at the inner faces of the sections adjacent the inlet andoutlet means to compel distribution of the liquid through the chambersand to facilitate liquid exit therefrom. Y

9. A heat exchange apparatus including a casing comprising separablesections. pivotally connected at their lower sides, a. diaphragm mountedbetween said sections to provide separate film flow-chambers at oppositesides thereof, and a stand for supporting said sections and diaphragm atan angle oblique to the perpendicular to facilitate flow of liquid overand in contact with the interior surfaces of the apparatus withoutsplashing.

`. CORNELIUS MORTENSEN.

